Although changing in solid composting method from turning only to turning+aeration improved the N by 30.5%, not much improvement in P removal efficiency was observed. Conclusion Although the GNB approaches depict the impact of nutrients produced in the mixed crop-swine farms on the overall agricultural environment, the SSB approach shows the partitioning among different nutrient loss pathways and storage of nutrients within the soil system; thus, can help design sustainable nutrient management plans for the mixed crop-swine farms. The study also suggests that continuous aeration for liquid composting and turning+aeration for solid composting can reduce nutrient loading to the soil.Objective The aim of study was to investigate the effects of season and Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) before cryopreservation on post-thaw bull sperm quality in Thailand. Methods Semen was collected from 6 bulls (Bos indicus) in summer, rainy season and winter 2014 - 2016. Semen characteristics, sperm morphology, sperm kinematics, viability, chromatin structure and mitochondrial membrane were evaluated. Meteorological data were available from the local meteorological station. Results Season had an effect on semen characteristics in the raw ejaculate, with higher proportions of normal spermatozoa and lower abnormalities in winter than the other two seasons. Sperm kinematics, viability, DNA Fragmentation Index, and mitochondrial membrane potential were not different between seasons. Sperm samples selected by SLC had greater normal morphology and lower proportion with bent tails than controls and higher values of PRO, BCF, LIN, STR, WOB and lower values of SLOW, VAP, VCL and ALH than controls. In addition, SLC-selection had a favorable effect on PRO, VAP and WOB that differed among seasons. Conclusion Our results suggested that these bulls were well adapted to their location, with season having an effect on sperm morphology. Moreover, SLC could be used prior to cryopreservation, regardless of season, to enhance normal morphology and kinematics of bull sperm samples without adversely affecting other parameters of sperm quality. However, there was considerable variation among bulls in DNA fragmentation index, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm viability. In addition, SLC had a positive effect on sperm morphology and sperm kinematics, which could be expected to influence fertility.Objective The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of additional electrical stimulation (AES) and various pre-rigor holding temperatures (for 3 h) on the ageing-potential of hot boned bovine M. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sbe-b-cd.html longissimus lumborum (LL). Methods Paired LL loins from 12 bulls were hot-boned within 40 min of slaughter, immediately AES and subjected to various holding temperatures (5°C, 15°C, 25°C and 35°C) for 3 h. Results AES did not accelerate the rate of rigor attainment, but the 3 h pre-rigor holding temperature did. Shear force values decreased as the pre-rigor holding temperatures increased. AES and holding for 3 h (at 25°C) resulted in higher water-holding capacity. Conclusions Data confirmed that AES did not influence the various meat quality parameters in the present study, but pre-rigor holding temperature (25°C) alone or in combination with AES resulted in superior meat quality.Objective This study investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) supplementation during late pregnancy on longissimus dorsi muscle tissue development, birth traits, and growth performance in postnatal Korean native calves. Methods In the preliminary experiment, twenty-six pregnant cattle [initial BW=319 kg (SD=30.1); 1st parity] were randomly assigned to the control and treatment group. Vitamin A supplementation at 24,000 IU/day was supplied to the treatment group from gestational day 225 to delivery. In the main experiment, twelve pregnant cattle [initial BW=317 kg (SD=31.3); 1st parity] were used and were treated with VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/day (gestational days 150-225) and at 78,000 IU/day (gestational day 225 to delivery). Serum VA in pregnant cattle, growth performance, gene expression, and serum VA were analyzed in the offspring calves. Results Serum VA in pregnant cattle decreased during the late gestation in both experiments (p less then 0.001). In the main experiment, treatment group showed would be beneficial to newborn calves.Objective According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) at the age of 42 days were slaughtered. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat wducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.Objective To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows. Methods Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses. Results Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids.